root / lab4 / .minix-src / include / i386 / memory.h @ 14
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| 1 | 13 | up20180614 | /* Physical memory layout on IBM compatible PCs. Only the major, fixed memory
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| 2 | * areas are detailed here. Known addresses of the BIOS data area are defined
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| 3 | * in <ibm/bios.h>. The map upper memory area (UMA) is only roughly defined
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| 4 | * since the UMA sections may vary in size and locus.
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| 5 | *
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| 6 | * Created: March 2005, Jorrit N. Herder
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| 7 | */
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| 8 | |||
| 9 | /* I/O-mapped peripherals. I/O addresses are different from memory addresses
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| 10 | * due to the I/O signal on the ISA bus. Individual I/O ports are defined by
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| 11 | * the drivers that use them or looked up with help of the BIOS.
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| 12 | */
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| 13 | #define IO_MEMORY_BEGIN 0x0000 |
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| 14 | #define IO_MEMORY_END 0xFFFF |
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| 15 | |||
| 16 | |||
| 17 | /* Physical memory layout. Design decisions made for the earliest PCs, caused
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| 18 | * memory to be broken broken into the following four basic pieces:
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| 19 | * - Conventional or base memory: first 640 KB (incl. BIOS data, see below);
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| 20 | * The top of conventional memory is often used by the BIOS to store data.
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| 21 | * - Upper Memory Area (UMA): upper 384 KB of the first megabyte of memory;
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| 22 | * - High Memory Area (HMA): ~ first 64 KB of the second megabyte of memory;
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| 23 | * - Extended Memory: all the memory above first megabyte of memory.
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| 24 | * The high memory area overlaps with the first 64 KB of extended memory, but
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| 25 | * is different from the rest of extended memory because it can be accessed
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| 26 | * when the processor is in real mode.
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| 27 | */
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| 28 | #define BASE_MEM_BEGIN 0x000000 |
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| 29 | #define BASE_MEM_TOP 0x090000 |
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| 30 | #define BASE_MEM_END 0x09FFFF |
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| 31 | |||
| 32 | #define UPPER_MEM_BEGIN 0x0A0000 |
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| 33 | #define UPPER_MEM_END 0x0FFFFF |
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| 34 | |||
| 35 | #define HIGH_MEM_BEGIN 0x100000 |
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| 36 | #define HIGH_MEM_END 0x10FFEF |
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| 37 | |||
| 38 | #define EXTENDED_MEM_BEGIN 0x100000 |
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| 39 | #define EXTENDED_MEM_END ((unsigned) -1) |
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| 40 | |||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | /* The logical memory map of the first 1.5 MB is as follows (hexadecimals):
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| 43 | *
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| 44 | * offset [size] (id) = memory usage
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| 45 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 46 | * 000000 [00400] (I) = Real-Mode Interrupt Vector Table (1024 B)
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| 47 | * 000400 [00100] (B) = BIOS Data Area (256 B)
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| 48 | * 000800 [00066] (W) = 80286 Loadall workspace
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| 49 | * 010000 [10000] (c) = Real-Mode Compatibility Segment (64 KB)
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| 50 | * 020000 [70000] (.) = Program-accessible memory (free)
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| 51 | * 090000 [10000] (E) = BIOS Extension
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| 52 | * 0A0000 [10000] (G) = Graphics Mode Video RAM
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| 53 | * 0B0000 [08000] (M) = Monochrome Text Mode Video RAM
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| 54 | * 0B8000 [08000] (C) = Color Text Mode Video RAM
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| 55 | * 0C0000 [08000] (V) = Video ROM BIOS (would be "a" in PS/2)
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| 56 | * 0C8000 [18000] (a) = Adapter ROM + special-purpose RAM (free UMA space)
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| 57 | * 0E0000 [10000] (r) = PS/2 Motherboard ROM BIOS (free UMA in non-PS/2)
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| 58 | * 0F0000 [06000] (R) = Motherboard ROM BIOS
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| 59 | * 0F6000 [08000] (b) = IBM Cassette BASIC ROM ("R" in IBM compatibles)
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| 60 | * 0FD000 [02000] (R) = Motherboard ROM BIOS
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| 61 | * 100000 [.....] (.) = Extended memory, program-accessible (free)
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| 62 | * 100000 [0FFEF] (h) = High Memory Area (HMA)
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| 63 | *
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| 64 | *
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| 65 | * Conventional (Base) Memory:
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| 66 | *
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| 67 | * : [~~~~~16 KB~~~~][~~~~~16 KB~~~~][~~~~~16 KB~~~~][~~~~~16 KB~~~~]
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| 68 | * : 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---A---B---C---D---E---F---
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| 69 | * 000000: IBW.............................................................
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| 70 | * 010000: cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
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| 71 | * 020000: ................................................................
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| 72 | * 030000: ................................................................
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| 73 | * 040000: ................................................................
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| 74 | * 050000: ................................................................
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| 75 | * 060000: ................................................................
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| 76 | * 070000: ................................................................
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| 77 | * 080000: ................................................................
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| 78 | * 090000: EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
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| 79 | *
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| 80 | * Upper Memory Area (UMA):
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| 81 | *
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| 82 | * : 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---A---B---C---D---E---F---
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| 83 | * 0A0000: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
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| 84 | * 0B0000: MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| 85 | * 0C0000: VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
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| 86 | * 0D0000: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
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| 87 | * 0E0000: rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
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| 88 | * 0F0000: RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbRRRRRRRR
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| 89 | *
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| 90 | * Extended Memory:
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| 91 | *
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| 92 | * : 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---A---B---C---D---E---F---
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| 93 | * 100000: hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.
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| 94 | * 110000: ................................................................
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| 95 | * 120000: ................................................................
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| 96 | * 130000: ................................................................
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| 97 | * 140000: ................................................................
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| 98 | * 150000: ................................................................
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| 99 | * 160000: ................................................................
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| 100 | * 170000: ................................................................
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| 101 | *
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| 102 | * Source: The logical memory map was partly taken from the book "Upgrading
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| 103 | * & Repairing PCs Eight Edition", Macmillan Computer Publishing.
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| 104 | */
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| 105 | |||
| 106 | |||
| 107 | /* The bottom part of conventional or base memory is occupied by BIOS data.
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| 108 | * The BIOS memory can be distinguished in two parts:
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| 109 | * o The first the first 1024 bytes of addressable memory contains the BIOS
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| 110 | * real-mode interrupt vector table (IVT). The table is used to access BIOS
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| 111 | * hardware services in real-mode by loading a interrupt vector and issuing
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| 112 | * an INT instruction. Some vectors contain BIOS data that can be retrieved
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| 113 | * directly and are useful in protected-mode as well.
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| 114 | * o The BIOS data area is located directly above the interrupt vectors. It
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| 115 | * comprises 256 bytes of memory. These data are used by the device drivers
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| 116 | * to retrieve hardware details, such as I/O ports to be used.
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| 117 | */
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| 118 | #define BIOS_MEM_BEGIN 0x00000 /* all BIOS memory */ |
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| 119 | #define BIOS_MEM_END 0x004FF |
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| 120 | #define BIOS_IVT_BEGIN 0x00000 /* BIOS interrupt vectors */ |
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| 121 | #define BIOS_IVT_END 0x003FF |
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| 122 | #define BIOS_DATA_BEGIN 0x00400 /* BIOS data area */ |
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| 123 | #define BIOS_DATA_END 0x004FF |
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| 124 | |||
| 125 | /* The base memory is followed by 384 KB reserved memory located at the top of
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| 126 | * the first MB of physical memory. This memory is known as the upper memory
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| 127 | * area (UMA). It is used for memory-mapped peripherals, such as video RAM,
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| 128 | * adapter BIOS (adapter ROM and special purpose RAM), and the motherboard
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| 129 | * BIOS (I/O system, Power-On Self Test, bootstrap loader). The upper memory
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| 130 | * can roughly be distinguished in three parts:
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| 131 | *
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| 132 | * o The first 128K of the upper memory area (A0000-BFFFF) is reserved for use
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| 133 | * by memory-mapped video adapters. Hence, it is also called Video RAM. The
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| 134 | * display driver can directly write to this memory and request the hardware
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| 135 | * to show the data on the screen.
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| 136 | */
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| 137 | #define UMA_VIDEO_RAM_BEGIN 0xA0000 /* video RAM */ |
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| 138 | #define UMA_VIDEO_RAM_END 0xBFFFF |
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| 139 | #define UMA_GRAPHICS_RAM_BEGIN 0xA0000 /* graphics RAM */ |
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| 140 | #define UMA_GRAPHICS_RAM_END 0xAFFFF |
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| 141 | #define UMA_MONO_TEXT_BEGIN 0xB0000 /* monochrome text */ |
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| 142 | #define UMA_MONO_TEXT_END 0xB7FFF |
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| 143 | #define UMA_COLOR_TEXT_BEGIN 0xB8000 /* color text */ |
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| 144 | #define UMA_COLOR_TEXT_END 0xBFFFF |
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| 145 | |||
| 146 | /* o The next 128K (the memory range C0000-DFFFF) is reserved for the adapter
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| 147 | * BIOS that resides in the ROM on some adapter boards. Most VGA-compatible
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| 148 | * video adapters use the first 32 KB of this area for their on-board BIOS.
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| 149 | * The rest can be used by any other adapters. The IDE controller often
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| 150 | * occupies the second 32 KB.
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| 151 | */
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| 152 | #define UMA_ADAPTER_BIOS_BEGIN 0xC0000 /* adapter BIOS */ |
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| 153 | #define UMA_ADAPTER_BIOS_END 0xDFFFF |
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| 154 | #define UMA_VIDEO_BIOS_BEGIN 0xC0000 /* video adapter */ |
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| 155 | #define UMA_VIDEO_BIOS_END 0xC7FFF |
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| 156 | #define UMA_IDE_HD_BIOS_BEGIN 0xC8000 /* IDE hard disk */ |
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| 157 | #define UMA_IDE_HD_BIOS_END 0xCBFFF |
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| 158 | |||
| 159 | /* o The last 128K of the upper memory area (E0000-FFFFF) is reserved for
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| 160 | * motherboard BIOS (Basic I/O System). The POST (Power-On Self Test) and
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| 161 | * bootstrap loader also reside in this space. The memory falls apart in
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| 162 | * two areas: Plug & Play BIOS data and the system BIOS data.
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| 163 | */
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| 164 | #define UMA_MB_BIOS_BEGIN 0xE0000 /* motherboard BIOS */ |
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| 165 | #define UMA_MB_BIOS_END 0xFFFFF |
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| 166 | #define UMA_PNP_ESCD_BIOS_BEGIN 0xE0000 /* PnP extended data */ |
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| 167 | #define UMA_PNP_ESCD_BIOS_END 0xEFFFF |
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| 168 | #define UMA_SYSTEM_BIOS_BEGIN 0xF0000 /* system BIOS */ |
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| 169 | #define UMA_SYSTEM_BIOS_END 0xFFFFF |
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| 170 |